The Development of the Calling Card Industry in the United States

In 1975 the idea of calling cards was brainstormed.caught the major telecom companies off guard, while
One year later, in 1976 phone cards were released inthey were promoting long distance services, and took
Italy for public use. They were originally created as aa large portion of the market.
way of dealing with the on going coin shortageInnovative telecommunication companies quickly
problem. They also created an easy way to makerealized the uniqueness of calling cards. That in order
phone calls from a pay phone without change.to use the card, the customer must look down and
It wasn't until 1987 that calling cards became availableread the information written on the card.
to the public in the United States. World TelecomTelecommunication companies began selling all sorts of
Group at the time was the dominating player in theadvertising on phonecards. Companies would purchase
industry with no major competition. In 1990 New York'sand label calling cards with their own names as
Regional Bell Operating Company decided to launch apromotional material. They were passed out as prizes,
calling card campaign with the first non-magneticincentives and tourist souvenirs.
based phone cards. Instead their prepaid phone cardsThrough the mid to late 90's the calling card industry
required dialing an access number and a PIN tocontinued to boom. Cards were widely used by
terminate calls.immigrants calling home to their mother country, people
For the next two years more and more competitorsinterested in low rate domestic long distance calling
entered the industry and by 1992 all major companiesand tourists. As a result the collect calling market saw
had released their own brand of calling cards.a decline in use.
However, they continued to heavily market their longBy the year 2000 and with the help of the dot com
distance services as they were more profitable andboom, the United States calling card market had
easier then trying to convince the public to switch to abecome saturated. Thousands of Internet companies
new, less convenient service. Industry wide sales hitlaunched their own brands of calling cards. Calling card
about 12 million dollars with huge growth potentialsales hit an all time high of 3 billion dollars and continues
expected.to grow even today.
In the consumer's mind prepaid phone cards hadIn 2001 the industry revolutionized its self again. The
become an easy way to obtain discounted longfirst prepaid mobile phone became available. This was
distance services. Rates per minute were cheapera cheap cell phone that had prepaid minutes on it.
then what was offered from traditional residential longAfter the minutes were used up, the phone could
distance service, credit card calls, pay phones or celleither be recharged or discarded and a new one
phones. In addition using a prepaid calling card providedpurchased. A prepaid cell phone was all the
a way of putting all calling on one bill, regardless ofconvenience of a phone card, with out the hassle of
where the call was made from. Cards could be usedtrying to find a phone to use. Prepaid wireless phones
from consumer's residential lines, pay phones, workwork identical to contract phones in terms of service
phones or even at a friend's house.quality and portability. Like the calling card market,
Unlike using a long distance service, where rates peranalysts are predicting the prepaid mobile phone
minute changed depending on the time of day, callingmarket to increase exponentially.
card rates remained constant. Callers no longer had toLike the calling card industry, the prepaid mobile phone
be concerned about the time of day they place theirindustry is expected to continue thriving. Sales have
calls.skyrocketed to the millions since the first release on
By 1996 the industry had started booming. Industryprepaid phones. Last September, 2005, IDT launched a
wide sales had reached an all time high of one billionnew brand of prepaid cell phones targeted at the
dollars. Smaller telecom companies began launchingLatino and Hispanic population.
their own brands of calling cards and for a short while